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Explanation Text

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Pengertian, Structure, Ciri Explanation Text dan Contohnya


A. Pengertian Explanation Text

Sebelum mulai membahas tentang generic structure dan ciri-ciri explanation text dan contohnya, saya akan mulai dulu dengan definisi dari explanation text dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia.

 “Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena”.

Explanation adalah sebuah teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya.

B. Tujuan Explanation Text

To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.

Tujuan komunikatif dari explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan sesuatu yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana atau mengapa hal tersebut bisa terjadi.

C. Generic Structure Explanation Text

🌼General statement

tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya.

🌼Squenced of explanation

berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan ‘why’ dan ‘how’ penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.

🌼Closing

Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text adalah closing, padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced of explanation.

D. Ciri-ciri Explanation Text

🌼 Sebuah Explanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan penulis terkait ‘why’ dan ‘how’ terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada.

🌼 Karena yang diangkat adalah fenomena maka fokus materinya bukan pada bendanya atau orangnya, melainkan pada kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada orang atau benda tersebut.

🌼 Menggunakan Simple Present tense.

E. Contoh Explanation Text dan Penjelasannya

Contoh 1:

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don’t just slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that’s built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.
https://youtu.be/T0AEtX-uPLA

Penjelasan:

Paragraf Pertama adalah tentang General Statement(pernyataan umum). Melihat dari teks tersebut tentu GSnya adalah an Earthquake happening.

Paragraf kedua: Squenced of explanation adalah penjelasan tentang bagaimana Earthquake bisa terjadi. Gempa bumi bisa terjadi pada dasarnya adalah karena “rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault”. Penjelasan lainnya adalah tentang kronologi how rock underground breaks along a fault.

Paragraf ketiga: closing yang menerangkan bahwa pergeseran lempeng bumi terus terjadi dan menerangkan bahwa titik di bawah bumi dimana batu mengalami patahan (where the rock breaks) disebut sebagai Focus of the eartquake dan tempat di atas titik tersebut disebut epicenter of earthquake.

Jika kamu mengalami kendala dalam memahami materi ini, silakan klik link berikut ini!

https://youtu.be/Ouzq0_YW7mM

Quiz 10 soal bisa diakses di:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14PstNio7EBFSz9eAArRpo_Pk2Kr_nnSKtvwE_QYETn8/edit?usp=drivesdk

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